Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mapiritsi okwera pamagalimoto okhala ndi mawonekedwe otalikirapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuti apititse patsogolo kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuzindikira zina. Momwe mungawonetsetse kuti mapiritsiwa ali ndi mawonekedwe ogwirizana ndi zida zolumikizidwa ndipo amakwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni zakhala nkhawa kwa ogula. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsani njira zingapo zolumikizirana zama piritsi okwera pamagalimoto kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ake ndikusankha njira yabwino kwambiri.
·CANBus
Mawonekedwe a CANBus ndi njira yolumikizirana yozikidwa paukadaulo waukadaulo wamanetiweki, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zamagetsi (ECU) pamagalimoto ndikuzindikira kusinthana kwa data ndi kulumikizana pakati pawo.
Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a CANBus, piritsi lokwera pamagalimoto limatha kulumikizidwa ku netiweki ya CAN yagalimoto kuti mupeze zambiri zamagalimoto (monga liwiro lagalimoto, kuthamanga kwa injini, malo opumira, ndi zina zambiri) ndikuwapatsa madalaivala munthawi yeniyeni. Tabuleti yokwera pamagalimoto imatha kutumizanso malangizo owongolera pamakina agalimoto kudzera pa mawonekedwe a CANBus kuti azindikire ntchito zowongolera mwanzeru, monga kuyimitsa magalimoto ndi kuwongolera kutali. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti musanayambe kulumikiza malo ochezera a CANBus, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kugwirizana pakati pa mawonekedwe ndi galimoto CAN network kupewa kulephera kulankhulana kapena kutaya deta.
pa j1939
Mawonekedwe a J1939 ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba yochokera ku Controller Area Network, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyankhulana ndi deta pakati pa magetsi oyendetsa magetsi (ECU) m'magalimoto olemera. Protocol iyi imapereka njira yokhazikika yolumikizirana maukonde a magalimoto olemera, omwe ndi othandiza pakulumikizana pakati pa ECU opanga osiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa multiplexing, kulumikizidwa kwa netiweki kothamanga kwambiri kutengera basi ya CAN kumaperekedwa pa sensa iliyonse, chowongolera ndi chowongolera chagalimoto, ndipo kugawana kwachangu kulipo. Thandizani magawo ndi mauthenga omwe amafotokozedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe ndi abwino kwa chitukuko ndi makonda malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
· OBD-II
OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika a m'badwo wachiwiri pa board diagnostic system, omwe amalola zida zakunja (monga zida zowunikira) kulumikizana ndi makina apakompyuta agalimoto m'njira yokhazikika, kuti kuyang'anira ndi kubwezera momwe galimoto ikuyendetsa komanso zolakwika za galimotoyo, ndikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa eni galimoto ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a OBD-II angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwunika momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwamafuta, kutulutsa mpweya, etc., kuthandiza eni ake kusamalira magalimoto awo.
Musanagwiritse ntchito chida chowunikira cha OBD-II kuti muzindikire momwe galimotoyo ilili, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti injini yagalimotoyo sinayambike. Kenako ikani pulagi ya chida chojambulira mu mawonekedwe a OBD-II omwe ali m'munsi mwa kabati yagalimoto, ndikuyamba chida chothandizira matenda.
· Kuyika kwa Analogi
Mawonekedwe a analogi amatanthauza mawonekedwe omwe amatha kulandira kuchuluka kwa thupi kosalekeza ndikusintha kukhala ma sign omwe amatha kusinthidwa. Zochuluka zakuthupi izi, kuphatikizapo kutentha, kupanikizika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, nthawi zambiri zimamveka ndi masensa ofanana, amasinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi otembenuza, ndikutumizidwa ku doko lolowera la analogi la wolamulira. Kupyolera mu njira zoyenera zowonetsera ndi quantization, mawonekedwe a analogi olowera amatha kujambula molondola ndikusintha masinthidwe ang'onoang'ono, motero kukwaniritsa kulondola kwambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito piritsi yokhala ndi galimoto, mawonekedwe a analogi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulandira zizindikiro za analogi kuchokera ku masensa agalimoto (monga sensa ya kutentha, sensor sensor, etc.), kuti azindikire kuwunika kwa nthawi yeniyeni ndi kuzindikira zolakwika za galimoto.
rJ45
Mawonekedwe a RJ45 ndi mawonekedwe olumikizirana maukonde, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza makompyuta, ma switch, ma routers, ma modemu ndi zida zina ku netiweki yadera (LAN) kapena netiweki yadera lonse (WAN). Lili ndi zikhomo zisanu ndi zitatu, zomwe 1 ndi 2 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza zizindikiro zosiyana, ndipo 3 ndi 6 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polandira zizindikiro zosiyana, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kusokoneza mauthenga. Zikhomo 4, 5, 7 ndi 8 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyika pansi ndi kutchingira, kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kwa chizindikiro.
Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a RJ45, piritsi yokwera galimoto imatha kutumiza deta ndi zipangizo zina zapaintaneti (monga ma routers, masiwichi, ndi zina zotero) pa liwiro lapamwamba komanso mokhazikika, pokwaniritsa zofunikira za kuyankhulana kwa intaneti ndi zosangalatsa zambiri.
Mtengo wa RS485
RS485 mawonekedwe ndi theka-duplex chosalekeza kulankhulana mawonekedwe, amene ntchito mafakitale zochita zokha ndi deta kulankhulana. Imatengera njira yopatsira ma siginecha, kutumiza ndi kulandira deta kudzera pa mizere yazizindikiro (A ndi B). Ili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza ndipo imatha kukana kusokonezedwa ndi ma electromagnetic, kusokoneza phokoso ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza chilengedwe. Mtunda wotumizira wa RS485 ukhoza kufika ku 1200m popanda kubwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopambana pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kufalitsa deta mtunda wautali. Chiwerengero chochuluka cha zipangizo zomwe basi ya RS485 ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi 32. Thandizani zipangizo zambiri kuti muzitha kulankhulana pa basi yomweyi, yomwe ndi yabwino kwa kayendetsedwe kapakati ndi kulamulira. RS485 imathandizira kutumiza kwa data mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumatha kufika 10Mbps.
Mtengo wa RS422
Mawonekedwe a RS422 ndi mawonekedwe athunthu aduplex serial, omwe amalola kutumiza ndi kulandira deta nthawi yomweyo. Njira yopatsira ma siginecha imatengedwa, mizere iwiri ya siginecha (Y, Z) imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndipo mizere iwiri yazizindikiro (A, B) imagwiritsidwa ntchito polandila, yomwe imatha kukana kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma ndi kusokoneza kwa loop pansi ndikuwongolera kwambiri kukhazikika ndi kudalirika. za kutumiza kwa data. Mtunda wotumizira wa mawonekedwe a RS422 ndi wautali, womwe ungathe kufika mamita 1200, ndipo umatha kugwirizanitsa zipangizo za 10. Ndipo kufalitsa kwa data mwachangu kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa 10 Mbps kumatha kuchitika.
Mtengo wa RS232
Mawonekedwe a RS232 ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana pakati pa zida, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikiza zida zolumikizirana ndi data (DTE) ndi zida zoyankhulirana za data (DCE) kuti zizindikire kulumikizana, ndipo zimadziwika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso kugwirizana kwake kwakukulu. Komabe, mtunda wautali kwambiri wotumizira ndi pafupifupi mita 15, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kumakhala kochepa. Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wotumizira nthawi zambiri ndi 20Kbps.
Nthawi zambiri, RS485, RS422 ndi RS232 onse ndi njira zoyankhulirana zosawerengeka, koma mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe ake amasiyana. Mwachidule, mawonekedwe a RS232 ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito omwe safuna kutumizira mwachangu deta, ndipo amagwirizana bwino ndi zida ndi machitidwe akale. Pakafunika kufalitsa deta mbali zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi ndipo chiwerengero cha zipangizo zolumikizidwa ndi zosakwana 10, RS422 ikhoza kukhala yabwinoko. Ngati zida zopitilira 10 zikufunika kulumikizidwa kapena kutumizira mwachangu kumafunika, RS485 ikhoza kukhala yabwino kwambiri.
· GPIO
GPIO ndi seti ya zikhomo, zomwe zimatha kukhazikitsidwa munjira yolowera kapena zotulutsa. Pini ya GPIO ikakhala munjira yolowera, imatha kulandira zidziwitso kuchokera ku masensa (monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira, ndi zina), ndikusintha ma siginechawa kukhala ma siginecha adijito pakukonza piritsi. Pini ya GPIO ikakhala mumayendedwe otulutsa, imatha kutumiza ma siginecha owongolera kwa ma actuators (monga ma mota ndi magetsi a LED) kuti akwaniritse zowongolera zolondola. Mawonekedwe a GPIO atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mawonekedwe osanjikiza a ma protocol ena olankhulirana (monga I2C, SPI, ndi zina), ndi ntchito zolumikizirana zovuta zitha kuchitika kudzera mumayendedwe otalikirapo.
3Rtablet, monga ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zaka 18 pakupanga ndikusintha mapiritsi okhala ndi galimoto, yadziwika ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ntchito zake zokhazikika komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo. Kaya imagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, migodi, kasamalidwe ka zombo kapena forklift, zogulitsa zathu zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito, kusinthasintha komanso kulimba. Zowonjezera izi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa (CANBus, RS232, etc.) ndizosintha pazogulitsa zathu. Ngati mukukonzekera kukhathamiritsa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito yanu ndikuwongolera zotulutsa ndi mphamvu ya piritsi, musazengereze kutilumikizana nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri za malonda ndi yankho!
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-28-2024
