Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mapiritsi olimba omangidwira m'galimoto okhala ndi ma interfaces ataliatali amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndikugwira ntchito zinazake. Momwe mungatsimikizire kuti mapiritsiwa ali ndi ma interfaces ogwirizana ndi zida zolumikizidwa ndipo akukwaniritsa zofunikira za pulogalamuyo kwakhala nkhawa ya ogula. Nkhaniyi ipereka ma interfaces angapo odziwika bwino a mapiritsi olimba omangidwira m'galimoto kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino mawonekedwe awo ndikusankha yankho labwino kwambiri.
·CANBus
Mawonekedwe a CANBus ndi njira yolumikizirana yozikidwa pa ukadaulo wa netiweki ya dera lolamulira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zosiyanasiyana zowongolera zamagetsi (ECU) m'magalimoto ndikupangitsa kusinthana kwa deta ndi kulumikizana pakati pawo.
Kudzera mu mawonekedwe a CANBus, piritsi lokwezedwa pagalimoto likhoza kulumikizidwa ku netiweki ya CAN ya galimotoyo kuti lipeze zambiri za momwe galimotoyo ilili (monga liwiro la galimoto, liwiro la injini, malo otsetsereka, ndi zina zotero) ndikuwapatsa oyendetsa nthawi yeniyeni. Piritsi lokwezedwa pagalimoto lingathenso kutumiza malangizo owongolera ku dongosolo la galimotoyo kudzera mu mawonekedwe a CANBus kuti ligwire ntchito zanzeru zowongolera, monga kuyimitsa galimoto yokha ndi kuwongolera kutali. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti musanalumikize mawonekedwe a CANBus, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana pakati pa mawonekedwe ndi netiweki ya CAN ya galimotoyo kulibe kuti kupewe kulephera kwa kulumikizana kapena kutayika kwa deta.
· J1939
Ma interface a J1939 ndi protocol yapamwamba kwambiri yozikidwa pa Controller Area Network, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizana deta pakati pa electronic control unit (ECU) m'magalimoto olemera. Protocol iyi imapereka mawonekedwe ofanana a kulumikizana kwa netiweki kwa magalimoto olemera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ECU ya opanga osiyanasiyana igwirizane. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa multiplexing, kulumikizana kwa netiweki yothamanga kwambiri yozikidwa pa basi ya CAN kumaperekedwa pa sensa iliyonse, actuator ndi controller ya galimotoyo, ndipo kugawana deta yothamanga kwambiri kulipo. Kuthandizira magawo ndi mauthenga ofotokozedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe ndi osavuta kupanga ndikusintha malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
· OBD-II
OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) ndi mawonekedwe wamba a dongosolo lachiwiri lodziwira matenda lomwe lili mkati mwa galimoto, lomwe limalola zida zakunja (monga zida zodziwira matenda) kulumikizana ndi kompyuta yagalimoto mwanjira yokhazikika, kuti ziwunikire ndikubwezera zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zalakwika pagalimoto, ndikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa eni magalimoto ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a OBD-II angagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyesa momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza kuchepetsa mafuta, kutulutsa mpweya, ndi zina zotero, kuti athandize eni ake kusamalira magalimoto awo.
Musanagwiritse ntchito chida chowunikira cha OBD-II kuti mudziwe momwe galimoto ilili, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti injini ya galimotoyo sinayambitsidwe. Kenako ikani pulagi ya chida chowunikira mu mawonekedwe a OBD-II omwe ali pansi pa galimoto, ndikuyambitsa chida chowunikira.
· Kulowetsa kwa Analogi
Chiwonetsero cholowera cha analogi chimatanthauza mawonekedwe omwe angalandire kuchuluka kwa thupi kosinthasintha mosalekeza ndikuwasintha kukhala zizindikiro zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa. Kuchuluka kwa thupi kumeneku, kuphatikizapo kutentha, kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, nthawi zambiri kumamveka ndi masensa ogwirizana, kusinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi osinthira, ndikutumizidwa ku doko lolowera la analogi la wowongolera. Kudzera mu njira zoyenera zowerengera ndi kuchuluka, mawonekedwe olowera a analogi amatha kujambula ndikusintha molondola kusintha kwa zizindikiro zazing'ono, motero kukwaniritsa kulondola kwakukulu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito piritsi loyikidwa pagalimoto, mawonekedwe olowera a analog angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulandira zizindikiro za analog kuchokera ku masensa agalimoto (monga sensa ya kutentha, sensa ya kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero), kuti athe kuwona nthawi yeniyeni ndi kuzindikira vuto la galimoto.
· RJ45
Ma interface a RJ45 ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi ma network, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza makompyuta, ma switch, ma router, ma modem ndi zida zina ku netiweki yapafupi (LAN) kapena netiweki yapafupi (WAN). Ili ndi ma pin asanu ndi atatu, omwe 1 ndi 2 amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma differential signals, ndipo 3 ndi 6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito polandira ma differential signals motsatana, kuti akonze mphamvu yoletsa kusokoneza ma signal. Ma Pin 4, 5, 7 ndi 8 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza ndi kuteteza ma signal, kuonetsetsa kuti ma signal signal akuyenda bwino.
Kudzera mu mawonekedwe a RJ45, piritsi lokwezedwa pagalimoto limatha kutumiza deta ndi zida zina za netiweki (monga ma rauta, ma switch, ndi zina zotero) mwachangu komanso mokhazikika, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kulumikizana kwa netiweki komanso zosangalatsa zama multimedia.
· RS485
Ma interface a RS485 ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana ya theka-duplex, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ma automation a mafakitale ndi kulumikizana kwa deta. Imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira ma signal differential, kutumiza ndi kulandira deta kudzera mu mizere iwiri ya ma signal (A ndi B). Ili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza ndipo imatha kukana kusokoneza kwa ma electromagnetic, kusokoneza phokoso ndi ma signal osokoneza chilengedwe. Mtunda wotumizira wa RS485 ukhoza kufika mamita 1200 popanda wobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kutumiza deta kutali. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zida zomwe basi ya RS485 ingalumikizidwe ndi 32. Imathandizira zida zingapo kuti zilumikizane pa basi imodzi, zomwe ndizosavuta kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera pakati. RS485 imathandizira kutumiza deta mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kufika pa 10Mbps.
· RS422
Mawonekedwe a RS422 ndi mawonekedwe olumikizirana athunthu, omwe amalola kutumiza ndi kulandira deta nthawi imodzi. Njira yosinthira ma signal imatengedwa, mizere iwiri ya ma signal (Y, Z) imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndipo mizere iwiri ya ma signal (A, B) imagwiritsidwa ntchito polandila, zomwe zimatha kukana bwino kusokonezedwa kwa ma electromagnetic ndi kusokonezedwa kwa ground loop ndikukweza kwambiri kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa kutumiza deta. Mtunda wotumizira wa mawonekedwe a RS422 ndi wautali, womwe ungafike mamita 1200, ndipo ukhoza kulumikiza zida mpaka 10. Ndipo kutumiza deta mwachangu kwambiri ndi liwiro lotumizira la 10 Mbps kumatha kuchitika.
· RS232
Ma interface a RS232 ndi mawonekedwe wamba olumikizirana pakati pa zipangizo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikiza zida zolumikizirana deta (DTE) ndi zida zolumikizirana deta (DCE) kuti zizitha kulumikizana, ndipo amadziwika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso kugwirizana kwake kwakukulu. Komabe, mtunda wotumizira uthenga ndi pafupifupi mamita 15, ndipo liwiro lotumizira uthenga ndi lotsika. Nthawi zambiri liwiro lotumizira uthenga ndi 20Kbps.
Kawirikawiri, RS485, RS422 ndi RS232 zonse ndi miyezo yolumikizirana yotsatizana, koma makhalidwe awo ndi zochitika za ntchito zimasiyana. Mwachidule, mawonekedwe a RS232 ndi oyenera mapulogalamu omwe safuna kutumiza deta mwachangu patali, ndipo amagwirizana bwino ndi zida ndi machitidwe akale. Ngati pakufunika kutumiza deta mbali zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi ndipo chiwerengero cha zida zolumikizidwa chili chochepera 10, RS422 ikhoza kukhala chisankho chabwino. Ngati zipangizo zoposa 10 zikufunika kulumikizidwa kapena pakufunika kufalitsa mwachangu, RS485 ikhoza kukhala yabwino kwambiri.
· GPIO
GPIO ndi gulu la ma pin, omwe amatha kukonzedwa mu input mode kapena output mode. Pamene GPIO pin ili mu input mode, imatha kulandira ma signal kuchokera ku masensa (monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira, ndi zina zotero), ndikusintha ma signal awa kukhala ma digital signals kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa tablet. Pamene GPIO pin ili mu output mode, imatha kutumiza ma signal olamulira ku actuators (monga ma motors ndi magetsi a LED) kuti ikwaniritse zowongolera zolondola. GPIO interface ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati physical layer interface ya ma protocol ena olumikizirana (monga I2C, SPI, ndi zina zotero), ndipo ntchito zovuta zolumikizirana zimatha kuchitika kudzera mu ma circuits otalikira.
3Rtablet, monga kampani yopereka chithandizo cha zaka 18 pakupanga ndikusintha mapiritsi oyikidwa pamagalimoto, yadziwika ndi ogwirizana nawo padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo. Kaya imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi, migodi, kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto kapena forklift, zinthu zathu zimasonyeza magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, kusinthasintha komanso kulimba. Ma interfaces awa owonjezera omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa (CANBus, RS232, ndi zina zotero) amatha kusinthidwa muzinthu zathu. Ngati mukufuna kukonza bwino ntchito yanu ndikukweza zotulutsa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya piritsi, musazengereze kulumikizana nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri za malonda ndi yankho!
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-28-2024
